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<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>aaspjournal</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Asian Association of Schools of Pharmacy</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 11</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>January - December 2022</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2022</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>1</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Pharmacy</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Effects of piperine, a component of pepper (Piper nigrum), on herpes simplex virus type-1 in Vero cells</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>5</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Seikou</FirstName>
          <LastName>Nakamura</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Tomoyo</FirstName>
          <LastName>Namura</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Yuka</FirstName>
          <LastName>Nishimura</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>The fruit of pepper (Piper nigrum, Piperaceae) is used as a spice for its pungency and aroma all over the world. Piperine is the major secondary metabolite responsible for the strong pungency. We found that piperine activates herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in Vero cells. Specifically, piperine increased both the number and size of plaques formed by HSV1 replication (175% activation at 100 __ampersandsignmu;M compared with control cells) in a plaque assay. To confirm the effect of piperine on the activation of HSV-1, we synthesized 15 piperine derivatives. The synthesis of the piperine derivatives with an amide moeity [four 5-(3.4- methylenedioxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamides, a 5-(3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl)pentanamide, and eight 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienamides] was accomplished by the condensation reactions of carboxylic acids with various amines in the presence of condensing agents. Next, we conducted plaque assays to examine their effects on HSV-1. Piperine derivatives having an amide moiety increased the number of plaques, suggesting that they activate HSV-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a plant component with the ability to activate HSV-1. The mechanism of HSV-1 activation by piperine remains unclear. Since piperine is the major secondary metabolite of pepper (P. nigrum), an excessive intake of pepper may have an effect on HSV-1 infection. The detailed mechanistic studies are needed to determine whether piperine affects the virus or the host (i.e., Vero cells).</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>pepper, Piper nigrum, Piperaceae, piperine, herpes simplex virus type-1, plaque assay, aggravation of HSV-1 infection</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://aaspjournal.org/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=14074&amp;title=Effects of piperine, a component of pepper (Piper nigrum), on herpes simplex virus type-1 in Vero cells</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References/>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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